Welfare science uses measurable indicators: cortisol levels, gait scoring (lameness), feather condition, stereotypic behaviors (pacing, bar-biting).
| Dimension | Animal Welfare | Animal Rights | |-----------|----------------|----------------| | | Reduce suffering; improve conditions | End all use; abolish property status | | Allows | Farming, research, zoos (with regulation) | None (except true rescue) | | Moral framework | Utilitarian / harm-based | Deontological / inherent value | | Key metric | Pain, health, behavior | Rights violation, autonomy | | Political strategy | Legislation, certification (e.g., RSPCA Assured) | Litigation, civil disobedience, vegan advocacy | | Example outcome | Ban on gestation crates | Ban on all pig farming | gait scoring (lameness)