Windows XP (released 2001, EOL 2014) was the last "wild west" operating system. Unlike modern Windows 11, which requires TPM 2.0 and UEFI, XP ran happily on a dusty Dell Optiplex in a warehouse. If you find a webcam running XP today, it is likely:
Microsoft stopped providing updates in 2014, leaving thousands of known vulnerabilities unpatched. intitle webcam windows xp 5 verified