Harimurti Kridalaksana's seminal work, Kelas Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia
In this work and related publications, Kridalaksana defines a "word" as the formed from a collection of morphemes that can be uttered as a free form. He emphasizes that word classes are not just labels but the "building blocks" for parsing and understanding how the world is conceived through the Indonesian language. Why This Work Matters Sumber & Referensi
He proposed a hierarchy of categories based on . His system is famously detailed, dividing words into 10 to 15 major classes , depending on the edition. The most widely referenced classification includes: Pilihan latihan: isian (blank), pilih ganda, dan koreksi
: Kridalaksana emphasizes that a word's class is determined by its syntactic behavior —how it interacts with other words in a sentence—rather than just its semantic meaning. atau klausa. Contoh: dan
Words that modify nouns by describing qualities (e.g., besar , indah ).
| Class (Kelas) | Example | Distinction from English | |---------------|---------|--------------------------| | | makan, bekerja | Includes stative verbs ( suka ) | | Nomina | rumah, kebahagiaan | No grammatical gender/number | | Adjektiva | besar, malas | Can be predicate without copula | | Pronomina | saya, -ku, dia | Clitic forms (-ku, -mu, -nya) | | Numeralia | dua, beberapa | Classifiers required ( dua ekor ayam ) | | Preposisi | di, ke, dari | Location vs. direction distinguished | | Konjungsi | dan, tetapi, karena | Subordinating vs. coordinating | | Adverbia | sudah, sangat, jangan | Modifies verbs/adjectives/whole clauses | | Interjeksi | aduh, wah, cis | Emotion markers | | Partikel | -lah, -kah, pun | Unique to Indonesian/Malay | | Artikel | si, sang, para | Definiteness markers (no “the” equivalent) | | Kategori fatis | kan, dong, kok | Pragmatic/discourse particles | | Kata tugas (umbrella) | All function words | Often debated boundaries |
: Kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa. Contoh: dan, atau, tetapi.