Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt -

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The development of PEM is influenced by a complex interplay of factors: Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

• Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
• Complementary feeding education
• Immunization & vitamin A supplementation
• Food fortification and social safety nets

Slide 11: Complications of PEM

PEM is typically categorized into two severe clinical forms, though many patients present with overlapping symptoms: Marasmus (Energy Deficiency) Appearance Slide 11: Complications of PEM PEM is typically

• Severe wasting: very low weight-for-height (or BMI in older children/adults)
• Visible ribs, reduced fat and muscle mass, sunken eyes, prominent ribs/iliac crest
• Appetite may be preserved; minimal/no edema
• Lethargy, hypothermia, low immunity

| Feature | Marasmus | Kwashiorkor | |---------|----------|--------------| | Edema | No | Yes (bilateral) | | Weight loss | Severe | Moderate | | Skin changes | Rare | Common | | Appetite | Good | Poor | | Serum albumin | Normal/low-normal | Very low | | Prognosis | Better | Worse (higher mortality) | reduced fat and muscle mass