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Sakitamiwa Classification Instant

Sakita-Miwa classification

The (also known as the Sakita-Fukutomi classification) is a widely used endoscopic staging system for peptic ulcers, primarily gastric and duodenal ulcers. It categorizes the life cycle of an ulcer into three major stages— Active (A) , Healing (H) , and Scarring (S) —each subdivided into two sub-stages to provide a total of six steps in the healing process . 1. Active Stage (A)

S2 (Scarring 2/White Scar):

Over several months to years, the redness fades. The scar becomes the same color as the surrounding tissue, often appearing as a "white scar". sakitamiwa classification

The Sakita-Miwa classification is a fundamental endoscopic tool used in gastroenterology to categorize the life cycle of a gastric ulcer. Established by Japanese researchers Sakita and Miwa, this system provides a standardized language for clinicians to describe whether an ulcer is in an active state, a healing state, or a scarring state. By breaking down the healing process into six distinct stages, it allows doctors to monitor patient progress, evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, and predict the risk of recurrence or complications. Structure of the Classification Viremic load (V-score): Log copies/mL of SKTV RNA in serum

A1 (Active-1):

The ulcer is deep, and the base is covered with a thick white or yellowish slough (exudate). The surrounding mucosa is typically red and swollen (edematous). (Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes

This stage represents the initial, most severe phase of the ulcer where the lesion is fully formed and active. PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) A1 (Active 1):

At this point, the ulcer is considered "endoscopically cured" because the mucosal defect has vanished.

  • Viremic load (V-score): Log copies/mL of SKTV RNA in serum.
  • Endothelial activation index (EAI): Derived from serum angiopoietin-2 and soluble thrombomodulin.
  • Organ failure count (OFC): Liver (ALT > 3x ULN), kidney (creatinine doubling), lung (PaO2/FiO2 < 300), and brain (GCS < 14).

(Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes. For medical diagnosis and treatment, please consult a licensed physician or current WHO/CDC guidelines.)