: Distinguishing between a "bad habit" and a medical condition like anxiety or cognitive dysfunction.
We are entering the era of "Psycho-Veterinary Medicine." Just as humans use SSRIs for anxiety, dogs with separation anxiety and cats with compulsive disorders (like psychogenic alopecia—over-grooming until bald) are being treated with fluoxetine and clomipramine.
For many species, there is a "critical period" (e.g., 3–14 weeks in dogs) where exposure to people and environments shapes lifelong temperament.